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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*Tydyn face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"time, appointed time face="Times New Roman Star"срок face="Times New Roman Star"tydyn (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tyd|yn face="Times New Roman Star"tyna (3 Sg. Dat.) 'промежуток рабочего времени от одной передышки до другой' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 457. face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)al/- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 lazy, vile (in addressing a slave) 2 lazy, stubborn face="Times New Roman Star"1 ленивый, негодный (обращение к рабу) 2 ленивый, упрямый face="Times New Roman Star"qas?an| (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qas?an| (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qas?s?an| 'poor, beggar' face="Times New Roman Star"qas?s?aq 1, 2, qas?an| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qaz?an| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xъli 'невзрачный, плохонький', xъlin 'хитрец, упрямец, лодырь, лентяй' face="Times New Roman Star"qas?an| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qas?s?aq 1, 2, dial. qas?an 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qasan| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 673, ЭСТЯ 5, 348-350. Turk. > WMong. qas?an| 'slow, lazy' (Clark 1980 , 42); some of the modern Turkic forms may be borrowed back from Mong. (as certainly is Chuv. xaz?an). face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:la- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to heap up, pile up face="Times New Roman Star"накладывать, нагромождать face="Times New Roman Star"qala- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"dial. kala-, gala- face="Times New Roman Star"qala- (Pav. C. , Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qe|la- face="Times New Roman Star"qala- face="Times New Roman Star"Gala- face="Times New Roman Star"dial. Ga:la- face="Times New Roman Star"qala- face="Times New Roman Star"xa:la- face="Times New Roman Star"qala- face="Times New Roman Star"qala- face="Times New Roman Star"qala- face="Times New Roman Star"qala- face="Times New Roman Star"qala- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 224, EDT 617, ЭСТЯ 5, 228-229. face="Times New Roman Star"*jogdu face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"hair in camel's beard face="Times New Roman Star"волосы под подбородком у верблюда, льва и т.д. face="Times New Roman Star"jog|du, jog|ru(j) (MK ), z?|og|du (Oghuz., Kypch. MK) face="Times New Roman Star"c?og|dyr face="Times New Roman Star"jog|dra 'tassel' (Верб. ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?og|dur face="Times New Roman Star"z?|og|dor face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 899, ДТС 270, Clark 1977 , 165. Turk. > WMong. z?|og|dur id. face="Times New Roman Star"*jAdna- ( ? -j-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to long for face="Times New Roman Star"желать, стремиться face="Times New Roman Star"jajna- dial. 'to suffer, worry' face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- face="Times New Roman Star"jajna-, d/ajna- 'to pine' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 179, ЭСТЯ 4, 80. The stem seems to be distinct from the homonymous *jadna- ( ? *jajna-) 'to be spread; be wide open (eyes)' which may be derived from *jA:d- 'spread' q. v. sub *z?|a:dV (see ЭСТЯ 4, 79); let us note, however, that many of the reflexes of the latter may actually reflect our *jadna- 'to long for, miss' (cf. especially Kirgh. z?|ajna- 'to stare with envy and hope', Tur. jajna- 'to live in prosperity' etc.). face="Times New Roman Star"*syg face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"shallow face="Times New Roman Star"мелкий face="Times New Roman Star"syq (syg|) (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"sy:, syq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"syg| face="Times New Roman Star"sy:k face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 415, EDT 804, ЭСТЯ 7. face="Times New Roman Star"*sydyr-gak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 a cloven hoof 2 double shin bone face="Times New Roman Star"1 раздвоенное копыто 2 двойная голенная кость face="Times New Roman Star"syd|yrg|aq (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sig|raq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"syzyro 'fork' face="Times New Roman Star"ytarc?a 'сковородник оленьей кости' (Пек. ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 803. Cf. *syn|yr-. face="Times New Roman Star"*sin|- (? -y-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 whining or buzzing noise 2 to whine, moan face="Times New Roman Star"1 скулеж, визг 2 визжать, хныкать, стонать face="Times New Roman Star"sin| 1, sin|ile- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sinle-, dial. senele- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"syn| 1, sy:la- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"s?ъngъr 1, s?ъngъrdat- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"in|ersij- 'to neigh, coo' (Пек. ) face="Times New Roman Star"sy:la- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"syn|g|yr 1, syn|-qylda- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"hyn|-qylda- 'to sob' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 832, 840. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ti- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a k. of biting insect face="Times New Roman Star"вид кусающего насекомого face="Times New Roman Star"ti-ler (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"See EDT 501: the word is located in a list of harmful biting insects, between flies and ants. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kas face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"skin, shell, peel, bark face="Times New Roman Star"кожа, скорлупа, кора face="Times New Roman Star"qasuq (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qas, qasuq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qa:%s face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 665, 666, ЭСТЯ 5 328. The root should be distinguished from *Kar/ (v. sub *k`e/r/a\ ). Note that in Siberian languages the reflexes of *r/ and *s coincide, so all the forms attributed to *Kar/ can also reflect PT *Kas. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ko"l/- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 screen, covering 2 to screen, obstruct light 3 shadow face="Times New Roman Star"1 укрытие, полог, занавес 2 давать тень, укрывать от света 3 тень face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?ige (OUygh.) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?i- (MK ) 2, ko"s?ik (MK ) 1, ko"s?ige (MK ) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?u"ke| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"zen|e 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"z?ege 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"z?ege 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?o"go" 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 753. The root tends to merge with PT *ko"l/- 'to shiver (of cold), freeze' (see VEWT 294), as well as with *ko"li- 'shadow' - but they should be probably kept apart. Turk. > MMong. ko"s?i-, ko"s?ige, ko"s?ge (TMN 1, 481, Щербак 1997 , 128, Clark 1980 , 41) > Evk. kuc?i-, kuc?iger (Doerfer MT 125). face="Times New Roman Star"*bAkan face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"necklace, torque face="Times New Roman Star"ожерелье face="Times New Roman Star"baqan (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 316. face="Times New Roman Star"*bakna ( ? -g-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"rung of a ladder, step of a staircase face="Times New Roman Star"ступенька лестницы face="Times New Roman Star"bag|na (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 316. face="Times New Roman Star"*o"kte- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to infuse pride, courage 2 pride, proud, courageous face="Times New Roman Star"1 ободрять, придавать гордость, храбрость 2 гордость, гордый, храбрый face="Times New Roman Star"o"ktem (KB ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o"kte- 1, o"ktem 2 (R.) face="Times New Roman Star"o.ktam face="Times New Roman Star"o"kta"m face="Times New Roman Star"o"tka"m face="Times New Roman Star"o"kdo"m (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o"ktem 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o"kto"m 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o"kto"m 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o"ktem 2, (dial.) o"kte- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"o"ktem 2 face="Times New Roman Star"o"ktem 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 102-103, ЭСТЯ 1. Turk. > Kalm. o"ktm (KW 294; not vice versa, despite VEWT 370). face="Times New Roman Star"*josun face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"manner, custom, method face="Times New Roman Star"способ, обычай, метод face="Times New Roman Star"josun (KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"josuq face="Times New Roman Star"josun (Abush. , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"jo|,sin face="Times New Roman Star"josun face="Times New Roman Star"josun (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"jozaq, jozoq, jozor face="Times New Roman Star"c?o`zu (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"z?|os?un face="Times New Roman Star"z?osyn, z?osaq (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 4, 31-32. Also reflected is a form *josuk, *josak. Clauson (EDT 975) and Doerfer (TMN 1, 555-557) follow Ramstedt KW 219 and regard the Turkic forms as borrowed < Mong., which is somewhat dubious because of the peculiar phonology of Mong. josun (words with *jo- are extremely rare in Mong.). PT *josuk (*josak) also strengthens the thesis about the Turkic origin of Mong. josun; Doerfer's hypothesis that Tat. josuq, Oyr. jozaq etc. reflect a contamination of *jasak and *josun is not very plausible (*jasak has usually a quite different meaning 'impost, tax' etc.), and there is also a completely unexplained (as a Mongolism) form Oyr., Tel. jozor. All this makes us rather think of Turk. *josun > Mong. *josun > Manchu joso, Evk. joso etc. (ТМС 1, 347). face="Times New Roman Star"*TAgna face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 turf 2 stem, stalk 3 a k. of plant face="Times New Roman Star"1 дерн 2 стебель, ствол 3 вид растения face="Times New Roman Star"tag|na java 3 ('al-mahrut') (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"dial. tuna: 1 (Верб. ) face="Times New Roman Star"tona 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 471, Федотов 1, 247. The OT word is questionable: an OT Hapax, but the second part (java) is also a plant root. Tag|na java was added to sour milk in order to colour it. Cf. Sak. ttum.gara, Tokh. B tva:n.Ka:rai, Tib. (Khotan) don-gra 'ginger'. Bailey derives from Iran. *tuvam-kara, i.e. 'made thick', but a Turkic origin (with Sak. suffixation) is also possible. If the Oyr. and Chuv. forms belong here the approximate PT reconstruction could be *Tagna 'root, stalk'. Turk. > Mong.: Khalkha ta:na 'лук многокорешковый'. face="Times New Roman Star"*Tam- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to churn butter face="Times New Roman Star"сбивать масло face="Times New Roman Star"tamyn- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"*Kias- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 horrible, terrible 2 to annoy 3 to become wasted, lose 4 vindictive 5 inimical face="Times New Roman Star"1 страшный, ужасный 2 досаждать 3 разоряться, терять 4 мстительный 5 враждебный face="Times New Roman Star"qasync?yg| (OUygh. Suv. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qasta- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jus-, juzъn- 3, jus-tar- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xasymar 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qas 5 face="Times New Roman Star"qas 5 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 668, Ашм. XI, 12. face="Times New Roman Star"*KAdyk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wooden trough face="Times New Roman Star"выдолбленная из дерева колода face="Times New Roman Star"qad|yq (MK : Argu) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 597. The form, although isolated, is clearly different from *K(i)aj-guk (v. sub *ga>\ja/ ), attested both in Old Turkic and modern languages. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kandyr (*Kantyr) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"membrane face="Times New Roman Star"мездра, пленка на мясе, остающаяся после снятия шкуры face="Times New Roman Star"qandyr (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"xundъ, e.g. in t@w|pl@w| pyrz?ъ xund-i 'appendix (anat.)' (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 635.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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